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	<title>Template:Infobox germanium - Revision history</title>
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	<updated>2026-05-03T10:31:58Z</updated>
	<subtitle>Revision history for this page on the wiki</subtitle>
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		<id>https://catalog.jinharsh.co.in/index.php?title=Template:Infobox_germanium&amp;diff=11294&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Admin: 1 revision imported: setup</title>
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		<updated>2021-04-16T04:04:07Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;1 revision imported: setup&lt;/p&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 04:04, 16 April 2021&lt;/td&gt;
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		<author><name>Admin</name></author>
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	<entry>
		<id>https://catalog.jinharsh.co.in/index.php?title=Template:Infobox_germanium&amp;diff=11293&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>setup&gt;Monkbot: Task 18a (cosmetic) (manual): eval 2 templates: del empty params (2×);</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://catalog.jinharsh.co.in/index.php?title=Template:Infobox_germanium&amp;diff=11293&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2020-12-16T15:00:31Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;/index.php?title=User:Monkbot/task_18&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1&quot; class=&quot;new&quot; title=&quot;User:Monkbot/task 18 (page does not exist)&quot;&gt;Task 18a (cosmetic)&lt;/a&gt; (manual): eval 2 templates: del empty params (2×);&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;New page&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{infobox element&lt;br /&gt;
|number=32&lt;br /&gt;
|symbol=Ge&lt;br /&gt;
|name=germanium&lt;br /&gt;
|abundance=&lt;br /&gt;
|abundance in earth's crust=&lt;br /&gt;
|abundance in oceans=&lt;br /&gt;
|abundance in solar system=&lt;br /&gt;
|left=[[gallium]]&lt;br /&gt;
|right=[[arsenic]]&lt;br /&gt;
|above=[[silicon|Si]]&lt;br /&gt;
|below=[[tin|Sn]]&lt;br /&gt;
|group=14&lt;br /&gt;
|period=4&lt;br /&gt;
|block=p&lt;br /&gt;
|appearance=grayish-white&lt;br /&gt;
|image name=Polycrystalline-germanium.jpg&lt;br /&gt;
|electrons per shell=2, 8, 18, 4&lt;br /&gt;
|phase=&lt;br /&gt;
|density gpcm3nrt=5.323&lt;br /&gt;
|density gpcm3mp=5.60&lt;br /&gt;
|melting point K=1211.40&lt;br /&gt;
|melting point C=938.25&lt;br /&gt;
|melting point F=1720.85&lt;br /&gt;
|boiling point K=3106&lt;br /&gt;
|boiling point C=2833&lt;br /&gt;
|boiling point F=5131&lt;br /&gt;
|heat fusion=36.94&lt;br /&gt;
|heat vaporization=334&lt;br /&gt;
|heat capacity=23.222&lt;br /&gt;
|vapor pressure 1=1644&lt;br /&gt;
|vapor pressure 10=1814&lt;br /&gt;
|vapor pressure 100=2023&lt;br /&gt;
|vapor pressure 1 k=2287&lt;br /&gt;
|vapor pressure 10 k=2633&lt;br /&gt;
|vapor pressure 100 k=3104&lt;br /&gt;
|vapor pressure comment=&lt;br /&gt;
|crystal structure=diamond cubic&lt;br /&gt;
|electronegativity=2.01&lt;br /&gt;
|number of ionization energies=3&lt;br /&gt;
|ionization energy 1=762&lt;br /&gt;
|ionization energy 2=1537.5&lt;br /&gt;
|ionization energy 3=3302.1&lt;br /&gt;
|atomic radius=122&lt;br /&gt;
|covalent radius=122&lt;br /&gt;
|Van der Waals radius=211&lt;br /&gt;
|magnetic ordering=[[diamagnetic]]&lt;br /&gt;
|magnetic ordering ref=&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www-d0.fnal.gov/hardware/cal/lvps_info/engineering/elementmagn.pdf Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds], in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 81st edition, CRC press.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|electrical resistivity at 20=1&lt;br /&gt;
|thermal conductivity=60.2&lt;br /&gt;
|thermal expansion=6.0&lt;br /&gt;
|speed of sound rod at 20=5400&lt;br /&gt;
|magnetic susceptibility= &amp;amp;minus;76.84·10&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;−6&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|magnetic susceptibility ref= &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite book|title=CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics|last=Weast|first=Robert|publisher=Chemical Rubber Company Publishing|year=1984|isbn=0-8493-0464-4|location=Boca Raton, Florida|pages=E110}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|Young's modulus=103&lt;br /&gt;
|Young's modulus ref=&amp;lt;ref name=ioffe&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.ioffe.ru/SVA/NSM/Semicond/Ge|title=Properties of Germanium|publisher=[[Ioffe Institute]]}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|Shear modulus=41&lt;br /&gt;
|Shear modulus ref=&amp;lt;ref name=ioffe/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|Bulk modulus=75&lt;br /&gt;
|Bulk modulus ref=&amp;lt;ref name=ioffe/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|Poisson ratio=0.26&lt;br /&gt;
|Poisson ratio ref=&amp;lt;ref name=ioffe/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|Mohs hardness=6.0&lt;br /&gt;
|Vickers hardness=&lt;br /&gt;
|Brinell hardness=&lt;br /&gt;
|CAS number=7440-56-4&lt;br /&gt;
|band gap=0.67&lt;br /&gt;
|isotopes=&lt;br /&gt;
{{infobox element/isotopes decay | mn=68 | sym=Ge | na=[[synthetic radioisotope|syn]] | hl=270.95&amp;amp;nbsp;d | dm=[[electron capture|ε]] | de=– | link1=gallium-68 | pn=68 | ps=Ga}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Infobox element/isotopes stable | mn=70 | sym=Ge | na=20.52% | n=38 |firstlinks=yes}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{infobox element/isotopes decay | mn=71 | sym=Ge | na=syn | hl=11.3 d | dm=ε | de=– | link1=gallium-71 | pn=71 | ps=Ga}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Infobox element/isotopes stable | mn=72 | sym=Ge | na=27.45% | n=40 |firstlinks=no}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Infobox element/isotopes stable | mn=73 | sym=Ge | na=7.76% | n=41 |firstlinks=no}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Infobox element/isotopes stable | mn=74 | sym=Ge | na=36.7% | n=42 |firstlinks=no}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Infobox element/isotopes decay | mn=76 | sym=Ge | na=7.75% |&lt;br /&gt;
hl=1.78&amp;amp;times;10&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;21&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;&amp;amp;nbsp;y | dm=[[double beta decay|β&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;−&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;β&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;−&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;]] | de=2.039&lt;br /&gt;
|link1=selenium-76 | pn=76 | ps=Se}}&lt;br /&gt;
|isotopes comment=&lt;br /&gt;
|naming=after Germany, homeland of the discoverer&lt;br /&gt;
|predicted by=[[Dmitri Mendeleev]]&lt;br /&gt;
|prediction date=1869&lt;br /&gt;
|discovered by=[[Clemens Winkler]]&lt;br /&gt;
|discovery date=1886&lt;br /&gt;
|QID=Q867&lt;br /&gt;
}}&amp;lt;!-- &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--&amp;gt;&amp;lt;noinclude&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{{Infobox element/element navigation|symbol=Ge}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Template reference list}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{documentation|1=Template:Infobox element/doc}}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/noinclude&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>setup&gt;Monkbot</name></author>
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