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{{infobox element
|engvar={{{engvar|}}}
|name=carbon
|number=6
|symbol=C
|abundance=
|abundance in earth's crust=
|abundance in oceans=
|abundance in solar system=
|left=[[boron]]
|right=[[nitrogen]]
|above=–
|below=[[Silicon|Si]]
|category comment=
|group=14
|period=2
|block=p
|allotropes=[[graphite]], [[diamond]], [[Allotropes of carbon|others]]
|appearance={{ubl|graphite: black, metallic-looking|diamond: clear}}
|image name=Graphite-and-diamond-with-scale.jpg
|electrons per shell=2, 4
|phase=
|density gpcm3nrt=amorphous: 1.8–2.1
|density gpcm3nrt ref=<ref name="CRC">{{RubberBible86th}}</ref>
|density gpcm3nrt 2=graphite: 2.267
|density gpcm3nrt 3=diamond: 3.515
|sublimation point K=3915
|sublimation point C=3642
|sublimation point F=6588
|triple point K=4600
|triple point kPa=10,800
|triple point ref=<ref name=triple2>{{cite journal|doi=10.1016/0008-6223(76)90010-5|title=Graphite-liquid-vapor triple point pressure and the density of liquid carbon|year=1976|author=Haaland, D|journal=Carbon|volume=14|pages=357–361|issue=6}}</ref><ref name=triple3>{{cite journal|doi=10.1016/j.carbon.2004.12.027|title=Measurements of the melting point of graphite and the properties of liquid carbon (a review for 1963–2003)|year=2005|author=Savvatimskiy, A|journal=Carbon|volume=43|pages=1115–1142|issue=6}}</ref>
|heat fusion=graphite: 117
|heat capacity=graphite: 8.517
|heat capacity 2=diamond: 6.155
|electronegativity=2.55
|number of ionization energies=6
|ionization energy 1=1086.5
|ionization energy 2=2352.6
|ionization energy 3=4620.5
|atomic radius=
|atomic radius calculated=
|covalent radius=sp3: 77 pm sp2: 73 pm sp: 69
|Van der Waals radius=170
|crystal structure=simple hexagonal
|crystal structure prefix=graphite:
|crystal structure comment=(black)
|crystal structure 2=diamond cubic
|crystal structure 2 prefix =diamond:
|crystal structure 2 comment=(clear)
|magnetic ordering=[[diamagnetic]]<ref>[http://www-d0.fnal.gov/hardware/cal/lvps_info/engineering/elementmagn.pdf Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds], in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 81st edition, CRC press. </ref>
|electrical resistivity=graphite: 7.837
|electrical resistivity unit prefix=µ
|electrical resistivity ref=<ref>{{cite web|title=Material Properties- Misc Materials|url=https://www.nde-ed.org/GeneralResources/MaterialProperties/ET/ET_matlprop_Misc_Matls.htm|website=www.nde-ed.org|access-date=12 November 2016}}</ref>
|electrical resistivity at 0=
|electrical resistivity at 20=
|thermal conductivity=graphite: 119–165
|thermal conductivity 2=diamond: 900–2300
|thermal diffusivity=
|thermal expansion=
|thermal expansion at 25=diamond: 0.8
|thermal expansion at 25 ref=<ref name=ioffe>[http://www.ioffe.ru/SVA/NSM/Semicond/Diamond Properties of diamond], Ioffe Institute Database</ref>
|speed of sound=
|speed of sound rod at 20=diamond: 18,350
|speed of sound rod at r.t.=
|magnetic susceptibility= −5.9·10−6 (graph.)
|magnetic susceptibility ref= <ref>{{Cite book|title=CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics|last=Weast|first=Robert|publisher=Chemical Rubber Company Publishing|year=1984|isbn=978-0-8493-0464-4|location=Boca Raton, Florida|pages=E110}}</ref>
|tensile strength=
|Young's modulus=diamond: 1050
|Young's modulus ref=<ref name=ioffe/>
|Shear modulus=diamond: 478
|Shear modulus ref=<ref name=ioffe/>
|Bulk modulus=diamond: 442
|Bulk modulus ref=<ref name=ioffe/>
|Poisson ratio=diamond: 0.1
|Poisson ratio ref=<ref name=ioffe/>
|Mohs hardness=graphite: 1–2
|Mohs hardness 2=diamond: 10
|CAS number={{ubl|graphite: 7782-42-5|diamond: 7782-40-3}}
|isotopes=
{{infobox element/isotopes decay | link=carbon-11 | mn=11 | sym=C | na=[[synthetic radioisotope|syn]] | hl=20 min | dm= [[Beta emission|β+]] | de=0.96
|link1=boron-11 | pn=11 | ps=B}}
{{Infobox element/isotopes stable | link=carbon-12 | mn=12 | sym=C | na=98.9% | n=6 |firstlinks=yes}}
{{Infobox element/isotopes stable | link=carbon-13 | mn=13 | sym=C | na=1.1% | n=7 |firstlinks=no}}
{{infobox element/isotopes decay | link=carbon-14 | mn=14 | sym=C | na=[[trace radioisotope|trace]] | hl=5730 y | dm=[[Beta emission|β−]] | de=0.156
|link1=nitrogen-14 | pn=14 | ps=N}}
|predicted by=
|prediction date=
|discovered by=[[Ancient Egypt|Egyptians]] and [[Sumer]]ians<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.caer.uky.edu/carbon/history/carbonhistory.shtml |title=History of Carbon and Carbon Materials - Center for Applied Energy Research - University of Kentucky |publisher=Caer.uky.edu |access-date=2008-09-12}}</ref>
|discovery date=3750 BCE
|first isolation by=
|first isolation date=
|history comment label=Recognized as an element by
|history comment=[[Antoine Lavoisier]]<ref>{{cite web|author=Senese, Fred|date=2000-09-09|url=http://antoine.frostburg.edu/chem/senese/101/inorganic/faq/discovery-of-carbon.shtml|title=Who discovered carbon?|publisher=Frostburg State University|access-date=2007-11-24}}</ref> (1789)
|QID=Q623
}}<noinclude>
{{Infobox element/element navigation|symbol=C}}
{{Template reference list}}
Four of these are [[WP:REFNAME|named references]]. They may be cited in the containing article as
* <nowiki><ref name="CRC" /></nowiki> for the source ''CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics''
* <nowiki><ref name="triple2" /></nowiki> for the source by Haaland
* <nowiki><ref name="triple3" /></nowiki> for the Savvatimskiy
* <nowiki><ref name="ioffe" /></nowiki> for the Ioffe Institute Database
{{documentation|1=Template:Infobox element/doc}}
[[Category:Templates that generate named references]]
</noinclude>

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Admin: 1 revision imported: setup

setup>Double sharp at 01:51, 18 February 2021