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[[File:Sven Wingquist 1926.jpg|thumb|<center>Sven Wingqvist around 1926</center>]]
[[File:Wingquist bearing00.jpg|thumb|<center>Wingqvist bearing</center>]]
[[File:Sven Wingquist - oljemålning av Oskar Spitzmüller, Wien.jpg|thumb|Sven Wingquist - oil on canvas by Oskar Spitzmüller, [[Vienna]]]]

'''Sven Gustaf Wingqvist''' (10 December 1876 – 17 April 1953) was a [[Sweden|Swedish]] [[engineer]], [[inventor]] and [[industrialist]], and one of the founders of [[SKF|Svenska Kullagerfabriken]] (SKF), one of the world's leading [[ball bearing]] and [[roller bearing]] makers. Sven Wingqvist invented the multi-row [[self-aligning ball bearing]] in 1907.

==Chronology==
*1876: Born December 10 in [[Kumla Municipality]] south of [[Örebro]], Sweden. His parents are railway station inspector at Hallsberg S. D. Wingqvist and Anna Lundberg.
*1894: Graduated from Rudbecksskolan in Örebro (Örebro Technical Elementary School).
*1899: Wingqvist became employed as an operating engineer at Gamlestadens Textile Industry in Göteborg. He worked here for many years to find a solution to the problems with frequent break downs in the ball bearings for the main drive shafts. This was caused by the ground conditions, as the factory was built on clay. The shaft bearing supports moved some fractions of millimeters from time to time, hardly measurable, but enough to induce enormous extra forces in the "stiff" bearings that were available at that time. Wingqvist spent more and more time on the development of bearings in general, collecting all sorts of technical achievements and new ideas that were presented continuously on ball bearing technology around Europe. In particular he carefully studied the report presented in 1902 by professor [[Richard Stribeck]]<ref>[[Richard Stribeck]] (1861–1950), a German scientist. The [[Stribeck curve]] is named after him</ref> working at the Institute of Technology in Dresden, Germany, where he had compared ball bearings versus plain bearings from a scientific point of view. Wingqvist soon realized that ball bearings had a future and that there was room for innovation. On his initiative a small workshop was set up within the premises of the Gamlestadens factory where they could carry out tests with different designs and [[steel]] materials. In 1906 he was granted a patent for a ''Single-row self-aligning ball bearing,'' Swedish [[patent]] reg. No. 24160, but this type of bearing had the disadvantage that it was poor for axial loads. He continued to work in order to find a solution for a self-aligning bearing that also could carry [[Axis of rotation|axial]] loads.
*1907: On the initiative of Sven Wingqvist and the owners of Gamlestadens Textile Industry, SKF was founded February 16, at first as a subsidiary company to Gamlestadens Textile Industry. He was appointed the managing director as well as technical manager. Axel Carlander, son of one of the owners of Gamlestadens Textile Industry, was appointed [[CEO]] for SKF. (Axel Carlander held the position as CEO for SKF until 1937). On May 21, SKF filed the patent application at the [[Swedish Patent and Registration Office]] (PRV) for a ''Multi-row self-aligning radial ball bearing''. The patent was granted June 6 with patent reg. No. 25406. Inventor: S.G. Wingqvist.<ref>[http://was.prv.se/spd/pdf/WKDSslL65A_SfAo8BkBrHw/SE25406.C1.pdf "Anordning vid kullager. Klass 40:b. Patent i Sverige från den 6 juni 1907."], Patent nr 25406, Beskrivning offentliggjord af Kungl. Patent- och Registreringsverket.</ref> In the patent application a double-row as well as a triple-row ball bearing is described. Within the same period of time, patent applications were sent out by SKF to 10 different countries, among them France, Germany, [[England]] and the United States, and patent was granted in all these countries within a short time. The door was now open for worldwide expansion. After the new factory had been built in Göteborg, SKF sales companies and new manufacturing plants were built in many countries around the world. The first SKF manufacturing plant outside Sweden was set up in Luton, England 1911.
*1919: Wingqvist marries Hildur Hult (1892–1963).<ref>Vingqvist, Herman: ''Släkten Wingqvist från Södra Ving jämte upptecknarens antavla'', Skara 1936. p. 20.</ref>
*1919–1932: Wingqvist works as an independent consulting engineer and as part-time CEO for SKF.
*1938–1953: CEO for SKF.
*1933–38: Managing director for AB [[Bofors]].
*1938–46: CEO for AB Bofors.
*1941–53: CEO for the company Svenska Flygmotor AB.

== Some of Sven Wingqvist's Swedish patents (Sweden reg. No.) ==
*25406 Multi-row self-aligning radial ball bearing, 1907
*26266 Self-aligning ball bearing for axial loads, 1908
*27397 Tool for precision measurements, 1908
*31707 2-row [[spherical]] roller bearing, 1910
*33901 Ball holder device, Wingqvist and H. Olsson, 1910
*57197 Roller bearing with pressure flange, Wingqvist and N.A. Palmgren, 1919
*78223 Device for 2-row roller bearings, 1931
:*(list is not complete)

== Image gallery ==
<gallery>
File:Sketch self aligning bearing Wingquist.png|Early sketch, around 1906, by Sven Wingqvist for a double-row self-aligning bearing.
File:Wingquist ball bearings 1906.png|Sven Wingqvist self-aligning [[ball bearing]]. First version 1906 to the left and final version 1907. Compare the hand drawn sketch from 1906. Redrawn original drawings from SKF archive.
File:SCANIA_test_SKF-lager_1909_150dpi.jpg|SKF bearing field test on a [[Maskinfabriks-aktiebolaget Scania|Scania]] truck (1909). S. Wingquist on backseat right.
File:Sven_Wingquist.png|Sven Wingquist at his drawing board around 1940.
</gallery>

== References ==

===Footnotes===
<references/>

==Sources==
* Vingqvist, Herman: ''Släkten Wingqvist från Södra Ving jämte upptecknarens antavla'', Skara 1936. p. 20.
* SKF - ''The History of a Swedish Export Industry, 1907–1957'' by Birger Steckzén, 1957. Published by SKF, 1957.
* "The history of SKF, 1977, Sv. kullagerfabriken, Göteborg, 1977.
* "SKF - a global story: 1907–2007", Martin Fritz, Birgit Karlsson; translated by Linda Schenck, Informationsförlaget, Stockholm, 2006. {{ISBN|978-91-7736-576-1}}

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Wingqvist, Sven}}
[[Category:1876 births]]
[[Category:1953 deaths]]
[[Category:Swedish engineers]]
[[Category:Swedish inventors]]
[[Category:Volvo people]]
[[Category:Bearings (mechanical)]]
[[Category:19th-century Swedish engineers]]
[[Category:20th-century Swedish engineers]]
[[Category:19th-century Swedish businesspeople]]
[[Category:20th-century Swedish businesspeople]]

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